Special Issue Call
Venture Boards: How board composition, behaviors, procedures and evolution impact venture direction and performance
Guest Editors:
Bart Clarysse, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Carina Lomberg, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Johan Bruneel, IÉSEG School of Management, France and KU Leuven, Belgium; Thomas J Howard, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Timur Uman, Jönköping international Business School, Sweden; Nicola Breugst, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
Aim
The overall aim of this special issue is to develop new scientific knowledge on the role and impact of a venture board at various stages of a venture’s life cycle from its inception to exit. We aim to advance research on venture boards and their role in private firms that is both methodologically rigorous and practically relevant.
Background
Research interest on venture boards is gaining momentum, with more than one third of all published articles on venture boards being published within the last five years. We know from prior research that a venture board takes a crucial role in developing and maintaining an entrepreneurial firm and thus represents a unique entrepreneurial resource (Garg, 2020). In fact, the role of a venture board can even exceed traditional formalized mechanisms for the monitoring of the managers on behalf of the firm owners (Garg, 2013; Wasserman. 2017). Venture board members can add substantial value when taking an active, resource-provision role in a venture, opening their networks and providing expertise on topics such as strategy making, technology, industry or fundraising (Lang et al., 2021). Recent advancements in theory clearly highlight the difference between boards in new ventures and bigger corporations (Gan & Eriksson, 2022; Lang & Wirtz, 2021; Garg, 2020). As a result recent studies have suggested that existing theories might not be sufficient in providing explanations on how new venture boards function, and that there should be further efforts in applying multiple theoretical lenses that would shed light on the board role in new ventures ( Li et al., 2020, Garg, 2017, Knockaert et al., 2013, Bjørnali et al., 2010). The dynamic nature of the new venture boards vis-a-vis corporate boards justifies additional research efforts in exploring these board’s evolution over time (Balachandran et al., 2019), which would allow to gain further understanding of the interdependencies between the life-cycle of the board and the life-cycle of the venture.
In addition, boards can form excellent empirical settings to develop new theory about decentralized decision making and distributed cognition which form the backbone of decision making in groups (Snihur & Clarysse, 2021). Entrepreneurship has focused so far on individual entrepreneurs or founding teams to analyze decision making when it comes to recognizing and implementing opportunities. Prior cognition, prior knowledge and identities have been analyzed as main mechanisms to understand such decisions. Founding teams have been considered as units of analysis that share these identities (Fauchart & Gruber, 2011), cognitions and knowledge (Todd & Zenger, 2009). However, when new ventures have boards, these boards become part of the decision making process but the individual members of these boards do not develop the same dynamics as a typical top management team which almost acts as a single entity (e.g. shared cognition). Instead, directors in a board and the top management team members, who might not all sit in the board, form groups rather than teams of decision makers (Mohammed, 2011). How cognitive consensus making happens in such groups, how opportunities are seen, and how decisions are ultimately made are not well understood and need new theorizing into entrepreneurship. Further, in contrast to boards in established firms, venture boards start typically small and consist of inside directors (TMT members), investor-directors, and outside directors (Garg and Furr, 2017). Changes in the board are the result of negotiations between new round investors and the existing board. This dynamic nature of venture boards provides the opportunity to provide novel insights about dominant coalition formation and power dynamics in strategic decision-making groups (Bruneel et al, 2020).
The objectives of this proposed Special Issue (SI) are four-fold: (1) to understand effective compositions and relationships of Boards of Directors (BoDs) and Top Management Teams (TMTs) across all lifecycle-stages of a venture (2) to examine the impact of venture board processes and behaviors; (3) to develop and adapt theories for understanding venture boards and (4) invite papers which look at board dynamics and board behavior to develop new theories about entrepreneurial decision making under uncertainty.
We invite submissions from multiple theoretical and disciplinary perspectives. We are open to empirical studies drawing on any relevant source of data (in-depth interviews, cases, surveys, secondary data, etc.) aimed to understand issues at any or multiple levels of analysis. We seek submissions analyzing a heterogeneity of ventures in a variety of environments and with different contingencies. Comparative studies are of particular interest in order to further identify and emphasize any distinctions between new ventures and established firms. Moreover, we particularly seek to understand divergence of venture governance between different stages of the entrepreneurial life-cycle, such as very early-stage ventures compared to growth-stage ventures.
Topics & Research QuestionsThe relevant topics and research questions of interest include, but are not limited to:
Impact of venture boards on venture development● What is the impact of a venture board on the venture’s financial performance, growth rate or survival?
● How does a BoD facilitate a venture’s entrepreneurial strategy?
● Cognitive roots of entrepreneurial decision making in boards and founding teams
● Role of venture boards in promoting environmental sustainability, increasing ESG performance or the development of sustainable business models?
● How do team dynamics impact group formation in BoDs?
● How does a venture board influence digitalisation strategy and development?
● How does a venture board affect venture valuations and funding rounds?
● How do BoD’s play a role in monitoring or preventing misconduct, especially in grand challenge driven ventures?
● How do identities of board members and founders impact strategic decision making in ventures?
● How does the social embeddedness of boards and founding teams impact venture trajectories?
Board composition
● What is the impact of board diversity (both human capital and social capital) of a venture board?
● What explains the new venture boards' diversity?
● What are the enablers and disablers of new venture board diversity’s impact on venture outcomes?
● How do mechanisms known from team formation such as strategic homophily or rational structuring play in board composition?
● What roles do members of a venture board assume and what is the most effective board composition?
● How do the interests of different types of board members (e.g. Board Chairs, independent directors, Angel investors, VC investors, board observers) and their stake in the venture, drive the venture decisions and strategic direction?
● To what extent should the venture board composition be assessed with respect to the resources and capabilities available in the venture’s TMT?
● What is the impact when founders and chairs step back from their TMT positions into a board position?
● What is the impact of CEO/Chair or CEO/Board member duality?
● What is the signaling of the composition of the board in mobilizing resources, especially when grand challenges are targeted?
Board Evolution & Contingencies
● Does a venture board follow a typical “venture board life-cycle”?
● How is board evolution connected to venture evolution?
● How does a potential board of directors and/or advisory board support the ventures prior to incorporation and what is the legacy effect?
● How does the venture board respond to changing needs of the venture and affect its strategic direction and pivoting?
● How do venture boards foster ventures to overcome crises and pass ”critical junctures” in their stage-based development?
● How do boards play a role in identifying market applications in technology ventures and how does a particular choice for an application affect their composition?
● To what extent do venture boards enable or inhibit the uptake of innovations in venture funding (e.g. crowdfunding, carbon-certificate funding or initial coin offerings?
● How do mechanisms of team formation affect the evolution of boards over time?
● What role does the board play in the imprinting process in new ventures?
Board behavior & processes
● What is unique about governance functions of boards of new ventures?
● Which kind of processes between the board and the TMT are beneficial and what are destructive for board performance/venture performance?
● What is the role and impact of board meetings, board committees and working groups?
● What are the best practices for board evaluations and how does the process affect board performance and harmony?
● How does leadership and psychological safety work in venture boards?
● What is the nature and impact of conflict in venture boards and what are effective resolution strategies?
● How does venture governance affect firm culture?
● What mechanisms are used for board member additions and board member exits?
● What are the terms (restrictions & privileges) of BoD agreements/contracts and what impacts do they have on board member behavior and performance?
● What conditions facilitate best interaction between TMT and the venture board?
Types of Paper / Research Methodology
Submission must fit within the paper types and criteria defined by JBV:
https://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-business-venturing/0883-9026/guide-for-authors
In particular we would like to encourage implication, recommendation and reflections for practice with respect to the creation, composition, evolution and modes of operation of venture boards. In addition, we would like to emphasize a specific need for authors to adequately contextualize data with respect to the sector, size and lifecycle stages of the ventures and venture boards represented within the data. We will start processing manuscripts as soon as they come in and, thus, we encourage authors to submit their manuscripts already before the deadline
Paper Development Workshops (PDW) in connection to this Special Issue:Open PDW
PDW @ Academy of Management Conference 2022 (07th Aug 2022 in Seattle). The editors will host a PDW on Venture Boards. The workshop is open to everyone and will be focused on consolidating the state of the research in this area as well as identifying the upcoming challenges and topics.
We welcome all to attend, see - https://2022.aom.org/meetings/virtual/AhhWPZ4uM7nT7MttP
PDW for Submitted Papers under review @ ETH Zurich (May 2024)
Workshop facilitated by ETH Zurich for those papers that have been invited for an R&R (first round) to present the papers and develop further with the guest editors. Participating in the workshop neither guarantees acceptance of the paper in the special issue nor is participation required in order to be considered for publication.
Paper Submission Deadline.
August 15, 2023.
Submit to - https://www.editorialmanager.com/jbv/default1.aspx
Planned publication date is Sept 2025